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Unfortunately, this study found that only 1 out of the 43 MSM apps had information about drug use despite the fact that drug use is common among MSM. Zhao et al found that As popper users tend to have more sexual partners [ 31 ], gay apps could facilitate the organization of private sex parties involving recreational drug use [ 32 ]. More work needs to be done to increase awareness of the risk of drug use via MSM apps. On the basis of existing evidence, the utilization of interactive Web-based and smartphone technologies to deliver sexual health information to MSM has shown promise.

We suggest that public health researchers and app developers work together to promote sexual health through the existing popular MSM apps. Health information should be displayed in various ways to increase attraction, such as pop-up messages, blog post, webcast, forum, and links to sexual health information. Exposing users to sexual health content when they are using these apps might be a good way to remind them of safe-sex practices.

Nonetheless, it should be highlighted that certain subgroups of MSM in China still preferentially meet at these venues eg, bathhouse, pub, or club. Venue-based interventions such as on-site provision of volunteer testing and counseling and HIV awareness and knowledge promotion should also be emphasized.

In China, there is a lack of standards for app auditing. The less rigorous audit system leads to uneven quality of app products. The policy makers should establish the platform for supervision and audit and improve the legal system to regulate smartphone apps. For instance, when developing new apps, the developers should integrate health information into apps, especially for HIV high-risk populations.

Establishing relevant regulations could guard the sexual health of MSM app users. There are some limitations in this study. First, data collection only took place between September 15, and September 30, This means that the findings of this study could only provide a snapshot of the rapidly developing app market. MSM apps are changing rapidly; therefore, our search results might be different if repeated.

Second, the quality of apps was assessed by MARS for researchers. Third, there are many Chinese words that can be translated into the term gay but not all of them were used in our search for the MSM apps. Therefore, the search terms used were not exhaustive. Finally, our search was limited to the Apple Store and the Android Market; therefore, our search neglected apps from other smartphone operating systems eg, Microsoft, Symbian, and BlackBerry. A majority of them are used for dating. Limited apps contain HIV prevention- and health-related information.

The overall quality of the MSM apps is acceptable.

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Due to low rate of integration of sexual health information in gay apps, we suggest that public health researchers and app developers work together to promote sexual health through the existing popular MSM apps, which have the potential to increase HIV testing and linkages to appropriate care. The policy makers should establish the platform for supervision and audit to promote the health of the Chinese MSM app market. Authors' Contributions: GY analyzed the data and drafted the paper as the first author.

JL and DL contributed to data collection and analysis. SX and ACK contributed to language advisement. Conflicts of Interest: None declared. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Published online Mar Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Corresponding author.

Corresponding Author: Shuiyuan Xiao moc. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Multimedia Appendix 2. Abstract Background A number of mobile phone apps has been developed specifically for men who have sex with men MSM. Objective The aim of this study was to objectively and comprehensively evaluate the characteristics and quality of the MSM apps to assess whether they disseminated health information among the MSM in China. Results A total of apps were reviewed between September 15, and September 30, , out of which, apps were excluded.

Conclusions By reviewing the available apps, we found that MSM apps are popular. Keywords: mobile application, homosexuality, male, quality, character. Introduction Background In recent years, smartphone use has been growing rapidly worldwide. Search Procedures During the period between September 15, and September 30, , the search in the Apple store and Android Market identified and apps, respectively Figure 1. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3.

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Review Process The review process comprised 2 steps. Results Overview Among the 43 eligible apps, it was observed that 16 came from the Apple Store, 10 from the Android Market, and 17 from both the app stores. Characteristic of the Apps Overall, 39 out of the 43 eligible apps were developed as social network tools for finding friends and sexual partners. Discussion Principal Findings This review assessed the characteristics and quality of 43 MSM apps in China, and it assessed whether these apps disseminated health information.

Limitations There are some limitations in this study. Multimedia Appendix 1 List of men who have sex with men apps.

Click here to view. Footnotes Contributed by Authors' Contributions: GY analyzed the data and drafted the paper as the first author. References 1.

• Background;
• dating online near Culiacan Mexico.
• Network Evolution of a Large Online MSM Dating Community: 2005–2018.
• Categories;
• 1. Introduction;
• Wait… Get Your Free Consultation!;

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